1. FTP Information
2. Recommended FTP Clients
3. Home Directory

1. General Info

1. What is telnet and do I need it?
2. Why we use SSH
3. Unix Commands
4. IRC

FTP

FTP Information
Your host name would be your IP address or domain name. (no http:// in front, just the IP or domain name as your hostname) Your username is the username we provided you with.

Your password is the password we provided or whatever you changed it to subsequently.
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Recommended FTP Clients
We recommend WS_FTP as a FTP client for our services. You can visit the WS_FTP web site and download the FTP client for free here.
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Home Directory
Once you logon you will be in your home directory. There are many files and folders already sitting in your home directory. Each folder has its own purpose. index.html is generally your homepage, sometimes can be called default.htm or index.htm depending on what program you're using.

SPECIAL NOTE: You should never delete or edit any files or folders that are throughout your home directory initially.

Explanation of each folder once you login.

• public_ftp - the folder is used for your anonymous users to download/upload public files
• public_html - the folder stores all html files for your domain (same folder as the www folder)
• tmp - the folder contains webalizer stats
• mail - the folder holds all POP mail accounts for your domain
• www - the folder stores all html files for your domain (same folder as the public_html folder)

File Manager

General Info
The File Manager Option within your Control Panel can prove to be a very powerful feature. It will handle many of the functions that an FTP or Telnet client will handle, all from within your browser. Functions such as setting permissions, uploading files from your hard drive, creating and editing html files, and creating subdirectories.

When you click on the File Manager feature inside your Control Panel, you will find that the screen is divided into three frames. The left frame will show you your directories and files, and the upper right hand frame is your action frame, and the lower right hand frame is your trash folder.

Within each directory, you will see links to create a new file, create new folder, or upload files. These actions pertain specifically to the directory that you are currently in. You will also see a column of numbers to the right of each folder and file. The far right column are the current permission settings for that specific folder or file and the column to the left of the permissions is the actual size of that file or folder.

When you click on the graphic next to the text link for a folder, it will open that folder and display the files and folders within that directory. When you click on the actual text link for a folder or file, actions for that directory or file are displayed in the upper right hand corner of your screen.

Locate your public_html folder and click on the text link for it. You will see the actions for the folder appear in the upper right hand corner of your screen. To the right is a screen shot of the actions that are available when you click on the text link for any folder.

Actions are pretty self-explanatory, so we'll forgo explaining what each do.

However, if you will locate a file rather than a folder within your directory listing and click on the text link of a file, you will see that the action screen will change to the specific actions pertaining to actual files and you will notice that the actions that you can perform for files are quite different from those of a folder.

By clicking on Show File, a new window will open and show you what the file actually looks like in your browser. By clicking on Edit File, you will be taken to a window where you can actually edit the html code within the file itself and save the changes. You can also change the permissions for the file, or copy, move, delete, or rename.

Remember, DO NOT DELETE OR RENAME any files that the system creates. Also, remember that any files that you want available on the World Wide Web, must be placed within your public_html folder.
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Telnet - SSH

What is telnet and do I need it?
Telnet is a protocol that allows you to virtually access your files as if you were using a computer terminal at the server. Most users don't need telnet unless they are compiling software or setting permissions on programs.

The implementation of telnet that we use is called SSH, it's more secure than regular telnet, to gain telnet access you will need to download SSH software by clicking here. (Click Here for Macintosh version). You can also gain shell access via the CPanel by clicking on the SSH/Telnet icon. This activates an applet which connects you to your web site files securely.

• Protocol: SSH
• Hostname: yourname.com
• Port: 22
• Cipher: 3DES
• Authentication: RSA
• To create a key click 'Advanced' then 'Create Identity File'

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Why we use SSH

As the internet grows it is more frequently the subject of security breaches. The easiest way to hack a web site is to setup a sniff program, usually at an ISP, and grab the username and password where a user is logging into. This is very easily done when a client uses telnet because telnet passes all information to the server in clear text. When we allowed users to access our network with telnet we had at least one hack attempt per day. Successful hack attempts result in damaged or destroyed sites, stolen information, and FBI investigations.

Telaserv now has one of the most secure networks thanks to the cooperation of all shell account users who are abandoning telnet and accessing their account via Secure Shell (SSH). SSH does not pass any information in clear text but rather uses secure encryption.

To get started with SSH, you must do the following:

A. Acquire client side software

There are two companies we recommend who sell client versions of SSH.

1) The most stable is SecureCRT. They have a 30 day free trial available at their web site. SecureCRT is at www.vandyke.com/products/SecureCRT/

2) A stable international version is available at

Datafellows www.datafellows.com/download-purchase/

and users looking for a free version or users outside the United States should file through the free implementations at

www.net.lut.ac.uk/psst/

Pay attention to the totally free internationally available ttssh:

www.zip.com.au/~roca/ttssh.html

Telaserv must enable SSH on your server for your account.

B. Follow the SSH client side software instructions to generate an RSA key.
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Unix Commands
The following is a list of UNIX commands that might be helpful when modifying your web site on the server. Most UNIX commands have many options and parameters which are not listed here. For more complete information on using UNIX commands, you can refer to the online manual by typing man [command] at the UNIX prompt, where "[command]" represents the command you would like more information about. Other UNIX help commands you can type are [command] -? and [command] --help.

Note: When something is specified in brackets, such as [command] or [filename], it is used to indicate that you must input your desired information here. Do NOT include brackets in your command.

Navigating in UNIX

pwd	Shows the full path of the current directory
ls	Lists all the files in the current directory
ls -al	Lists all files and information
ls –alR	Lists all files and information in all subdirectories
ls -alR | more	Same as ls –alR, pausing when screen becomes full
ls -alR > filename.txt	Same as ls –alR, outputs the results to a file
ls -al /home/usr/bob/	Lists files and information for /home/usr/bob
ls *.html	Lists all files ending with .html
cd [directory name]	Changes to a new directory
cd ..	Changes to directory above current one

Moving, Copying and Deleting Files

mv [old filename] [new filename]	Move/rename a file
cp [filename] [new filename]	Copies a file
rm [filename]	Deletes a file
rm *	Deletes all files in current directory
rm *.html	Deletes all files ending in .html

Creating, Moving, Copying and Deleting Directories

mkdir [directory name]	Creates a new directory
ls -d */	Lists all directories within current directory
cp -r [directory] [new directory]	Copies a directory and all files/directories in it
rmdir [directory name]	Removes a directory if it is empty
rm -r [directory name]	Removes a directory and all files in it

Searching Files and Directories

find . -name [filename] -print	Searches for a file starting with current directory
grep [text] [filename]	Searches for text within a file

File and Directory Permissions
There are three levels of file permissions: read, write and execute. In addition, there are three groups to which you can assign permissions: file owner, user group and everyone. The command chmod followed by three numbers is used to change permissions. The first number is the permission for the owner, the second for the group and the third for everyone. Here are how the levels of permission translate:

0 = ---	No permission
1 = --X	Execute only
2 = -W-	Write only
3 = -WX	Write and execute
4 = R--	Read only
5 = R-X	Read and execute
6 = RW-	Read and write
7 = RWX	Read, write and execute

It is preferred that the group always have permission of 0. This prevents other users on the server from browsing files via Telnet and FTP. Here are the most common file permissions used:

chmod 604 [filename]	Minimum permissions for HTML file
chmod 705 [directory name]	Minimum permissions for directories
chmod 755 [filename]	Minimum permissions for scripts & programs
chmod 606 [filename]	Permissions for data files used by scripts
chmod 703 [directory name]	Write-only permissions for public FTP uploading

IRC
If you have a question concerning telnet/SSH and IRC the answer is more than likely no. The use of any IRC related actions on our servers will result in account suspension, and ultimately account deletion. This rule is strictly enforced to ensure the highest level of performance of the clients websites that we host. If you are interested in a telnet account for IRC purposes, contact us and we will me happy to recommend you to a reputable provider. [Back to top]